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从强直性脊柱炎与肺结核说起的健康知识


2022-10-26 19:59:28 健康知识


1、何为强直性脊柱炎?

  强直性脊柱炎是一种自身免疫性疾病,主要表现脊柱关节的炎症,患者会逐渐出现脊柱关节疼痛和僵硬的症状,最终椎间关节逐渐硬化、融合,很多患者会进展为驼背。如果不加处理的话,疾病也会累及其他关节,甚至心脏、眼、肾等多种脏器都会被累及。

  该病好发于年轻男性,往往迁延不愈,给患者造成很多痛苦。目前该病还无法治愈,治疗通常以缓解症状,预防残疾为主。常用的药物是非甾体类抗炎药,不过这类药物并不能延缓病情的恶化。

  2、类克是什么?

  类克是一种针对甲型肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的单抗体,在体内可以中和TNF-α,阻止其发挥免疫学效应。

  我们知道,强直性脊柱炎是一种自身免疫性疾病,即人体的免疫系统异常激活,导致免疫系统攻击自身阻止的现象。在强直性脊柱炎患者的免疫系统异常激活的过程中,TNF-α这种物质发挥了非常大的作用,可以调动大量淋巴细胞对患者自身发动攻击,从而引起疾病。而应用类克这类单抗药物,可以显著缓解患者关节僵硬、疼痛的症状,从而改善生存质量。

  3、为什么结核病患者不能使用类克?

  前面说了,TNF-α可以调动淋巴细胞攻击正常的组织。但反过来说,如果人体遭受病原体的入侵,那么TNF-α也是人体调动淋巴细胞进行自卫的手段。更重要的是,在结核病的免疫中,淋巴细胞发挥了主导作用,可以包裹炎症,防止结核菌进一步扩散、加重病情。而类克的使用抑制了TNF-α,也抑制了淋巴细胞的活性,因此结核病人如果在感染未受控制的情况下使用类克,将会造成灾难性的后果。

  倘若打开类克的官方网站,网站中明确说明——有报告指出曾有使用者受到严重的感染,如肺结核和败血症,有些感染更会导致生命危险。如果以往或最近曾接触过肺结核病患者,应告知医生。如果身体容易受感染、曾经或已受到感染、或在使用类克时,出现感染症状,应立即向医生诊治。因此对感染结核的病人不使用类克是完全正确的,也是对病人负责的。

  4、结核病人只能对类克说不?

  经历几个世纪不懈的努力,如今结核病已不是不治之症。虽然仍存在结核菌耐药等难题,但是大多数病人经过6个月的标准抗痨治疗后都能痊愈。由于一般医院的条件限制,活动性结核病人必须到专门的结核病医院进行治疗。并且,按照规定,所有的抗结核治疗都由政府买单,患者不需为此支付费用。

  综上所述,在这个案件中,医生建议凶手先到专科医院治疗结核,再回来用类克治疗不仅合情合理,而且是全心全意为凶手着想的。先治疗肺结核,对凶手而言并无损失,抗痨治疗的费用完全是政府全包,而类克的治疗费用虽然昂贵,但是目前的医保可以为他报销绝大部分。

  如果,凶手没有被非理智的情感冲昏头脑,犯下不可饶恕的罪行,一切将会多么的不同。也许凶手现在已经在开始接受标准的抗痨治疗,6个月以后就能开始类克的治疗,今后完全可以长期过上近似于正常人的生活。而逝去的王医生已经顺利硕士毕业,下半年就能到香港继续进修,几年以后就能成为一个独当一面的好医生。面部贯通伤的年轻女医生,原本或许几个月后就能找到生命中的那个他,开始一段甜蜜的恋情……而事到如今,这一切美好的憧憬都如泡沫般破碎,留下的只有一死三伤,一人锒铛入狱,和两个破碎的家庭。

文章内容来源于网络(有来医生网站),版权归源网站所有。


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