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慢性肾脏病的饮食治疗的健康知识


2022-11-01 08:53:31 健康知识


1、低盐饮食 每日食盐摄入量控制在2-3克(或酱油10-15毫升)。忌用含钠离子的食物,如咸菜、咸蛋、腌肉、海产品、咸面包、挂面等。可食用低钠盐。主要适用于肾脏病、高血压、心衰、水肿的病人。

2、优质蛋白饮食 以进食高营养价值蛋白(优质蛋白)为主的饮食方法,优质蛋白占50%以上。主要适用于肾功能正常的肾脏人。广东省中医院中医肾内科周敏

按照食物中蛋白质的营养价值,取决于其中的营养必需氨基酸的含量及相对比例。根据其营养价值不同,蛋白质可分为:①高营养价值蛋白:大多是动物蛋白质如鱼类、瘦肉、鸡肉、蛋类、奶制品,动物蛋白含有的必需氨基酸较全,易被人体利用,大豆蛋白质则为植物蛋白中营养价值最高的一种。②低营养价值蛋白:植物蛋白中玉米、小麦、大米中的蛋折质,营养必需氨基酸的含量和比例与人体蛋白质相差较大,人体利用率较低。

3、优质低蛋白饮食 每日饮食中的蛋白质不超过30-40克(成人),其中优质蛋白应占50%以上。主要适用于各种慢肾脏病病人。

4、糖尿病饮食 控制总体能量、均衡全面营养、供给食物纤维。简单的说,合理的饮食是适量的碳水化合物、蛋白和脂肪,低盐、低脂。一般来说,碳水化合物(主食)应该占到总热量的50%-60%,约主食5-6两。主要适用于糖尿病病人。

5、低脂饮食 少食动物油,烹调油以植物油为主,限制含胆固醇的食物,如蛋黄、动物内脏、海鲜等。主要适用于高脂血症、慢肾脏病、高血压、冠心病、肥胖等病人。

6、低磷饮食 少食动物内脏、海产品、奶制品、肉类及坚果类食品。主要适用于肾衰竭、高磷血症病人。

7、低嘌呤饮食 限制食用嘌呤含量的食物,如动物内脏、沙丁鱼、脑子、肉汁、火锅汤、啤酒等。主要适用于痛风及高尿酸血症病人。

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